The South made the cardinal error of bringing war upon the North, without taking into full consideration that the elected President had made it abundantly clear that he did not believe that he had the Constitutional authority to eradicate slavery where slavery already existed. To the South’s discredit, they either did not believe that Lincoln’s words were true or, perhaps looking forward, they believed that it was only a matter of time, that the more populous North, containing the majority of the electoral votes, would put the sword to the institution of slavery; and thus, the South ended up rebelling.
When it came to the Southern rebellion, it needs to be recognized, that the general population did not make this decision, but rather it was made by the upper echelons of the respective Southern State governments, which typically consisted of men that were themselves members of the planter aristocracy and thereby dependent upon slave labor, along with those that were associated with such, because of the benefits that they were able to incur, by kowtowing, submitting, or just plain joining up with that planter aristocracy.
The thing about war is that, as hellish as it typically is, at the end of the day, oftentimes there will be a winner, and to the winner go the spoils. This thus meant that when the South was defeated, that the time was right to put a permanent end to the planter aristocracy, once and for all, and of which there were definitely legislators that were all for this, but they were regrettably outnumbered by those that believed that Amendments and other important actions, such as reconstruction and Northern troops would be good enough to get those that formerly were part of this Union of States, to get back in conformance with such.
The thing about power is that power seldom willingly gives up what it has, in addition to the salient fact that those who have the connections that formerly helped secure that power are going to avail themselves of that very thing so as to get back in control of what was previously in their control. So that, while the planter aristocracy was badly hurt, and seemingly defeated by that civil war, they were not, in virtually all cases, hanged as traitors, nor banned from this nation, and were not punished by having to vacate land property that was owned by them. This thus signified that the planter aristocracy though humbled, was not eradicated, and because of this failure to eradicate that planter aristocracy, they over a period of time, were right back in the saddle of power again, and because the South became equal members of the United States again, it thus meant on a national level, that legislation so being contemplated and subsequently ratified, would have to have the approval of Southern representatives, which in many respects were those that had been part of the planter aristocracy or if not, were their progeny.
All of this basically meant that while it is true that not only were the slaves freed, and that they theoretically had the ballot and thus were part and parcel of democracy, that the upshot was because the planter aristocracy weren’t banished from this nation in one form or another, and thereby their assets were not nationalized by these United States, that the freed black man was not all that better off than they were before, which is to the great shame of this nation and its history.